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The Georgian Uprising on Texel ((オランダ語:Opstand der Georgiërs)) (5 April 1945 – 20 May 1945) was an insurrection by the 882nd Infantry Battalion ''Königin Tamara'' (Queen Tamar or ''Tamara'') of the Georgian Legion of the German Army (''Wehrmacht Heer'') stationed on the German occupied Dutch island of Texel (pronounced ''Tessel''). The battalion was made up of 800 Georgians and 400 Germans, with mainly German officers. It was one of the last battles on the European theatre.〔BBC "Coast" programme, 19 October 2012〕 ==Overview== The heavily fortified island was part of the German Atlantic Wall system of defense. However, after the Allied landings in Normandy it was relegated to relative insignificance. The men of the rebellious battalion were Red Army soldiers from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic captured on the Eastern front. They had been given a choice: the captured soldiers could choose either to remain in the prisoner of war camps, which would have meant abuse, starvation, and very possibly death, or to serve the Germans and be allowed a degree of freedom. The battalion was formed of men who chose the latter option. The battalion had been formed at Kruszyna near Radom in occupied Poland in June 1943 and was used initially to fight partisans. On 24 August 1943 it was ordered to the West to relieve troops of the Indische Freiwilligen-Legion Regiment 950. The battalion arrived at Zandvoort in the Netherlands on 30 August. From September 1943 to early February 1945 it was stationed at Zandvoort as part of the "Unterabschnitt Zandvoort". On 6 February 1945 the battalion was posted to Subsection Texel. Preparations then started in late March 1945 for the transfer of several companies of the Georgian battalion to the Dutch mainland to oppose Allied advances, triggering the rebellion.〔''Der Spiegel'', 20/1995. "Der Geburtstag des Todes (Birthday of Death )", p. 188〕 Shortly after midnight on the night of 5–6 April 1945, the Georgians rose up and gained control of nearly the entire island. Approximately four hundred German soldiers were killed in the initial uprising, almost all while sleeping in the quarters they shared with Georgians, who used knives and bayonets. Others were shot and killed while standing guard or walking the roads of the island in groups or individually that night and the following day. Members of the Dutch resistance participated and assisted the Georgians,〔''Der Spiegel'', p. 189〕 however, the rebellion hinged on an expected Allied landing—which did not occur. The Georgians further failed to secure the naval batteries on the southern and northern coasts of the island; the crews of these artillery installations were the only Germans still alive on the island. A counterattack was ordered and the intact artillery batteries on the island began firing at sites where rebels were suspected to be. Approximately 2,000 riflemen〔''Der Spiegel'', p. 190〕 of the 163rd ''Marine-Schützenregiment''〔Composed of surplus naval personnel and organized as an infantry formation; all such ''ad hoc'' organizations of the same genre towards the end of the war were poorly equipped, had little or no infantry training, and suffered from low morale〕 were deployed from the Dutch mainland. Over the next five weeks they re-took the island; fighting was particularly heavy at Eierland and around the lighthouse.〔(History at texel.net )〕 The German troops then combed the length of the island for any remaining Georgian soldiers, while the Dutch inhabitants sought to hide them. The German commander of the 882nd battalion, Major Klaus Breitner, stated long after the war that the uprising was "treachery, nothing else"; the captured mutineers were ordered to dig their own graves, remove their German uniforms, and be executed.〔''Der Spiegel'', p. 190〕 During the rebellion, 565 Georgians, at least 812 Germans, and 120 residents of Texel became casualties. The destruction was enormous; dozens of farms went up in flames, with damage later estimated at ten million guilders (US$3.77 million〔1945/46 exchange rate per Bretton Woods system peg〕). The bloodshed lasted beyond the German capitulation in the Netherlands and Denmark on 5 May 1945 and even beyond Germany's general surrender on 8 May 1945. The fighting continued until Canadian troops arrived 20 May 1945 to enforce the German surrender, and disarmed the remaining German troops. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Georgian uprising on Texel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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